Son-montuno

A more developed style (Arsenio Rodríguez in the 1940s), emphasizing call-and-response, montuno sections, and heavier rhythm — this is the direct ancestor of salsa. Instruments:

• Tres (often electric or more percussive style)
• Piano (replacing or joining guitar for harmony and “tumbaos”)
• Double Bass
• Bongó
• Congas (a standard addition now)
• Claves
• Maracas & Güiro
• Multiple Trumpets (or full brass section)

👉 Larger conjuntos (bigger ensembles), strong rhythm section.